Networks analysis of Brazilian climate data based on the DCCA cross-correlation coefficient

speed (S10 Fig in S1 File) showed a positive cross-correlation for all capitals, except for (ρDCCAAracaju x ρDCCARecife) and (ρDCCAAracaju x ρDCCAJoaoPessoa) for 91 < n < 1261, and (ρDCCATeresina x ρDCCAAracaju) for 135 < n < 1261. The ρDCCA coefficient fluctuates between −0.06 < ρDCCA < 0.92 for all capitals. In the Brazilian Central-West region (Fig 4 and S11-S13 Figs in S1 File, for radiation, tem- perature, humidity, and wind speed, respectively) showed positive cross-correlation (ρDCCA > 0) for all scales, being each variable with a specific fluctuation. Fig 5 shows the results for global radiation in the Southeast region, with a positive cross- correlation (ρDCCA > 0) in all capitals. Maximum values are observed for n = 13 (one day) and n = 5625 (430 days), and minimum values are observed for n = 252 (19 days). Here the cross- correlation coefficient varies between 0.19 < ρDCCA < 0.81. The temperature (S14 Fig in S1 File) also shows a positive cross-correlation coefficient for all capitals. With the increase of the scale for n � 13, we can see that the correlations tend to grow; however, for 13 < n � 38, a decreasing trend in the correlations is visible, followed by growth for n > 38. For humidity (S15 Fig in S1 File), variations are visible, with a negative cross-correlation for large scales (n > 4564) for (ρDCCAVictory x ρDCCABeloHorizonte). For these four capitals, we observed a vari- ation between −0.08 < ρDCCA < 0.62. Wind speed (S16 Fig in S1 File), shows a positive cross-

correlation in São Paulo for all scales. Vitoria, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte in the range between 45 < n < 1130 show negative ρDCCA values. In these four capitals, a variation between −0.19 < ρDCCA < 0.69 is observed. Fig 2. Cross-correlation, ρDCCA(n), for global radiation in the North region of Brazil. The plots show the cross- correlations between the state capital written in the plot and all others in the region. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290838.g002 PLOS ONE Networks analysis of Brazilian climate data based on the DCCA cross-correlation coefficient PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290838 September 15, 2023 9 / 18