Breeding range shift of the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) under climate change

the breeding range of this species in China [33]. It predicted the contraction of the breeding range of red-crowned crane in China. But it failed to provide information on whether Russia or Mongolia gain some potential suitable habitats under changing climate. This limitation makes these studies incapable of providing information to guide the policy making for con- serving this important endangered species, especially in the international collaboration setting. Here, we used Maxent [35–37], to predict the shift of the breeding range of the continental migratory population of the red-crowned crane under changing climate. Methods The breeding range of the continental population of the red-crowned crane is distributed in the Siberia (eastern Russia), northeastern China and northeastern Mongolia (Amur-Heilong River basin) (Fig 1). However, there is no adequate occurrence point data available at this broad scale for building bioclimatic niche models. We obtained the extent of occurrence poly- gons of continental population of Red-crowned crane from AMUR-HEILONG RIVER BASIN Information Center (http://amur-heilong.net/http/03_species/0309Redcrowned_crane.html). We digitized and georeferenced those polygons using ArcGIS 10.2 [38]. We then converted the occurrence polygon data to lattice data to generate the pseudo-occurrence points of red- crowned crane, because Maxent can only use point data. Each point represents a grid of 5�5 Fig 1. Predicted breeding range of the continental population of the red-crowned crane at 2030s, 2050s, 2070s and 2080s [标注到

图上]. Blue polygons are the current actual breeding area, green polygons are the predicted potential breeding area under current climate condition, and orange areas are the predicted potential breeding area climate change. Scenario is RCP2.6, low emission scenario. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229984.g001 PLOS ONE Breeding range shift of the red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) under climate change PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229984 March 12, 2020 3 / 16