Assessment of climate change impact on the malaria vector Anopheles hyrcanus, West Nile disease, and incidence of melanoma in the Vojvodina Province (Serbia) using data from a regional climate model

days (Fig 4D) is acceptable. Parameters are statistically highly significant (r = 0.9712 and p = 0.000003) while analysis of residual distribution shows a good agreement with the normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test, W = 0.9608, p = 0.7952). We hope that our results will indicate the importance of long-term monitoring/surveillance programs for providing crucial data to evidence the ongoing biological alteration triggered by climate change. Nonetheless, it is difficult to say how broadly our data represent the trends elsewhere. We believe that the specificity of the observations offers a unique window into the state of some of the planet’s pressing threats to human health. Also, in the case where humans are exposed to UVR, due to the nature of their work (the VPS is an exclusively agricultural area), it is necessary to (i) establish a broader network for UVR measurements and warning centres and (ii) increase the awareness of the melanoma as a result of increased amount of UVR. Supporting information S1 Table. Overview of dry-ice trap samples sizes. For each year, the number of locations sampled, the number of location re-sampled, and total number of samples are presented. Exposure time at the trap locations was similar (14 ± 2h). (XLSX) S2 Table. Number of the total trap nights, positive trap nights and Anopheles hyrcanus specimens sampled at 54 selected sites in the Vojvodina Province, Serbia during the years 1985–86, 2004–5 and 2014–15. (XLSX) S3 Table. Frequency of sampling of WNV infected mosquitoes (1–5 times) in the Vojvo-

dina Province, Serbia, during the period 2010–2016. (DOCX) Acknowledgments For the collection of samples over the period 1985–2005, we warmly thank Petar Igrić, Dragan Aradski, Dragan Dondur, Vid Srdić, Mihaela Kavran, Slavica Vaselek, and Dubravka Pudar. The works of Dusˇan Petrić and Mina Petrić were done under the frame of EurNegVec COST Action TD1303. Author Contributions Conceptualization: Dragutin T. Mihailović, Dusˇan Petrić, Tamasˇ Petrović, Emilija Nikolić- Đorić, Ilija Arsenić, Gordan Mimić. Data curation: Dragutin T. Mihailović, Dusˇan Petrić, Tamasˇ Petrović, Ivana Hrnjaković- Cvjetković, Vladimir Djurdjevic, Aleksandra Ignjatović-C´ upina. Formal analysis: Dragutin T. Mihailović, Dusˇan Petrić, Emilija Nikolić-Đorić, Ilija Arsenić, Mina Petrić, Gordan Mimić. Funding acquisition: Dusˇan Petrić. Investigation: Dragutin T. Mihailović, Dusˇan Petrić, Tamasˇ Petrović, Ivana Hrnjaković-Cvjet- ković, Emilija Nikolić-Đorić, Mina Petrić, Gordan Mimić. Methodology: Dragutin T. Mihailović, Dusˇan Petrić, Vladimir Djurdjevic, Emilija Nikolić- Đorić, Ilija Arsenić, Gordan Mimić. Impact of climate change on malaria vector, West Nile disease, and incidence of melanoma PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227679 January 15, 2020 13 / 17