Using biodiversity features to promote an Ecosystem-Based Conservation framework in terrestrial ecosystems

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336705 November 21, 2025 8 / 18 Table 1. Terrestrial ecosystems in Tanzania, their scale and levels of protection. Ecosystem type Ecosystem size (km2) PPAsa (%) OPAsb (%) UAsc (%) Number of PAs Acacia savanna 212,050 20 15 65 PPAs 100, OPAs 12 Flooded savanna 32,680 48 7 45 PPAs 13, OPAs 1 Grassland 17,727 54 35 11 PPAs 7, OPAs 2 Coastal forest 69,624 21 2 77 PPAs 84, OPAs 2 Montane forest 58,356 23 7 70 PPAs 194, OPAs 1 Mangrove 5,084 8 0 92 PPAs 9, OPAs 0 Miombo woodland 484,942 32 12 56 PPAs 232, OPAs 19 Moorland 1,426 80 0 20 PPAs 1, OPAs 0 a Priority protected areas b Other protected areas c Unprotected areas https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336705.t001 Fig 3. Extent of PA coverage across different terrestrial ecosystems in Tanzania. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336705.g003