Using biodiversity features to promote an Ecosystem-Based Conservation framework in terrestrial ecosystems

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336705 November 21, 2025 14 / 18 ecosystems is critical, particularly in fragmented habitats, and future studies should prioritise ecosystem-level biodiversity inventories comparing PAs and areas outside of PAs, to better understand variations in species abundance and diversity. Supporting information S1 Table. Summary of literature search results for taxa-specific biodiversity studies across eight terrestrial eco- systems in Tanzania. This table presents search terms, databases (Google Scholar and Scopus), total articles retrieved, relevant articles identified, and those included for data extraction for vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants across each ecosystem type. (PDF) S2 Data. Compiled dataset of biodiversity records extracted from published studies across Tanzania’s eight terrestrial ecosystems. The dataset summarises the sum of taxonomic group (vertebrates, invertebrates, plants) species counts, and their corresponding references. (PDF) Acknowledgments I thank the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) for sharing spatial data shapefiles of the protected areas net- works for mapping in this study. We also thank Claire Kelly for assistance with language editing of this manuscript. This research was conducted under the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) clearance permit No. 2023–505-NA-2023–822. Author contributions Conceptualization: Florence Godfrey Tarimo, Linus Kasian Munishi. Data curation: Florence Godfrey Tarimo. Formal analysis: Florence Godfrey Tarimo, Linus Kasian Munishi.

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