Tree biodiversity in Bornean lowland forest: What are the key species for forest city development in the new capital city of Indonesia?

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320489 April 8, 2025 8 / 19 PLOS ONE Tropical urban tree selection sample plots included areas of forest that were still in good condition, in addition to forests that had been burnt. Species composition The results showed that the family with the greatest number of species found in the forests around IKN was the Dipterocarpaceae, followed by Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, and Phyllan- thaceae (Fig 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight individual trees (40 species) were within the Dipterocarpaceae from 11 genera, namely: Anisoptera (2 species), Anthoshorea (2 species), Cotylelobium (1 species), Dipterocarpus (5 species), Dryobalanops (1 species), Hopea (4 spe- cies), Parashorea (1 species), Richetia (3 species), Rubroshorea (8 species), Shorea (4 species), and Vatica (8 species). Jambu-jambu (Syzygium sp.; Myrtaceae) and large-leaved mahang (Macaranga gigantea; Euphorbiaceae) had the greatest IVI values among 571 species found at the study location although it is quite likely that Syzygium sp. included more than one species (Table 4). These spe- cies are common in lowland secondary forest habitats as pioneer species along with laban (Vitex pinnata; Lamiaceae) and Strobocalyx arborea (Asteraceae). Three species of Rubroshorea were recorded among the ten species with the greatest IVI values. Rubroshorea also occupied the top Fig 3. The families and number of species in each family at eight forest locations within 30 km of Ibu Kota Negara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320489.g003