Anthropogenic landscape decreases mosquito biodiversity and drives malaria vector proliferation in the Amazon rainforest

Table 1. Species list of Culicidae collected in malaria endemic areas in Brazilian Amazon. PLAND (%) Edge density (m / ha) Peridomestic (HLC) Forest fringe (Shannon trap) Peridomestic (HLC) Forest fringe (Shannon trap) � 25 25 ¬ 45 45 ¬ 60 60 ¬ 75 > 75 � 25 25 ¬ 45 45 ¬ 60 60 ¬ 75 > 75 0 ¬ 1.5 1.5 ¬ 2.0 2.0 ¬ 3.5 0 ¬ 1.5 1.5 ¬ 2.0 2.0 ¬ 3.5 Species Author Taxonomic group n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% n n/% Aedeomyia squamipennis (Lynch Arribalzaga) Aedeomyiini 3 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.2 1 0.0 2 0.1 136 4.1 60 2.6 81 4.1 4 0.2 9 0.5 2 0.1 3 0.1 7 0.2 135 4.6 62 1.7 93 1.7 Aedes albopictus (Skuse) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Aedes argyrothorax Bonne-Wepster and Bonne Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Aedes fulvithorax (Lutz) Aedini 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Aedes fulvus (Wiedemann) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 45 1.3 11 0.5 5 0.3 20 0.8 58 3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 53 1.8 57 1.6 29 0.5 Aedes fulvus sp1 Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.2 0 0.0 3 0.1 Aedes hastatus Dyar Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Aedes hortator Dyar and Knab Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1

Aedes infirmatus Dyar and Knab Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Aedes scapularis (Rondani) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.1 1 0.0 5 0.2 0 0.0 10 0.4 13 0.8 1 0.0 2 0.0 0 0.0 15 0.5 14 0.4 0 0.0 Aedes serratus (Theobald) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 19 0.6 8 0.3 1 0.1 46 1.7 12 0.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 31 1.0 13 0.4 41 0.8 Aedes serratus / nubilus Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 16 0.5 5 0.2 1 0.1 32 1.2 18 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 15 0.5 26 0.7 31 0.6 Psorophora albigenu (Peryassu ´) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 7 0.4 21 0.8 10 0.6 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 14 0.5 15 0.4 13 0.2 Psorophora albipes (Theobald) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.2 0 0.0 4 0.1 19 0.8 36 1.8 32 1.2 1 0.1 0 0.0 5 0.1 0 0.0 25 0.8 27 0.8 40 0.7 Psorophora amazonensis (Theobald) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 Psorophora cingulata (Fabricius) Aedini 1 0.0 6 0.2 23 0.9 19 0.8 21 1.2 65 1.9 42 1.8 173 8.7 47 1.8 32 1.9 3 0.1 26 0.4 45 1.0 61 2.1 42 1.2 248 4.5 Psorophora dimidiata Cerqueira Aedini 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.1 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 Psorophora discrucians (Walker) Aedini 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Psorophora ferox (von Humboldt) Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 1 0.0 2 0.1 4 0.2 3 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 4 0.1 7 0.1 Psorophora saeva Dyar and Knab Aedini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 1 0.0 0 0.0 Anopheles costai da Fonseca & da Silva Ramos Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 18 0.7 17 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 3 0.1 32 0.6 Anopheles costai (near) Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 Anopheles costai G1 Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.3 2 0.1 6 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 1 0.0 5 0.1 7 0.1 Anopheles costai G2 Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Anopheles costai G3 Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 0.5 1 0.1 0 0.0 5 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.2 10 0.3 0 0.0 Anopheles costai G4 Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 Anopheles costai G5 Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 Anopheles fluminensis (latu sensu ) Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.0 Anopheles fluminensis (strictu sensu ) Root Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.1 0 0.0 Anopheles fluminensis G1 Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.1 0 0.0 Anopheles fluminensis G2 Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.1 0 0.0

Anopheles fluminensis (near) Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 Anopheles forattini Wilkerson and Sallum Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 Anopheles malefactor (near) Dyar and Knab Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 Anopheles mattogrossensis Lutz and Neiva Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 Anopheles minor Da Costa Lima Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 7 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.3 1 0.0 0 0.0 Anopheles peryassui Dyar and Knab Anophelinae 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 20 1.0 25 1.0 20 1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 32 0.9 34 0.6 Anopheles punctimacula Dyar and Knab Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 0.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 0.2 Anopheles punctimacula (near) Anophelinae 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Anopheles rangeli Gabaldon, Cova Garcı ´a and Lopez Anophelinae 5 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 35 1.5 5 0.3 4 0.1 1 0.0 3 0.2 18 0.7 19 1.1 0 0.0 44 0.7 1 0.0 20 0.7 23 0.6 2 0.0 (Continued ) PLOS ONE Anthropogenic landscape and mosquito biodiversity drives malaria vector proliferation PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245087 January 14, 2021 9 / 25