Anthropogenic landscape decreases mosquito biodiversity and drives malaria vector proliferation in the Amazon rainforest

Table 1. (Continued) PLAND (%) Edge density (m / ha) Peridomestic (HLC) Forest fringe (Shannon trap) Peridomestic (HLC) Forest fringe (Shannon trap) � 25 25 ¬ 45 45 ¬ 60 60 ¬ 75 > 75 � 25 25 ¬ 45 45 ¬ 60 60 ¬ 75 > 75 0 ¬ 1.5 1.5 ¬ 2.0 2.0 ¬ 3.5 0 ¬ 1.5 1.5 ¬ 2.0 2.0 ¬ 3.5 Culex (Melanoconion ) zeteki Dyar Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 22 0.7 6 0.3 2 0.1 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 25 0.8 5 0.1 3 0.1 Culex (Phe .) airozai Lane Culicini 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 4 4 0.1 Lutzia bigoti (Bellardi) Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 Coquillettidia albicosta (Peryassu ´) Mansoniini 3 0.1 1 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.1 415 12.4 13 0.6 13 0.7 36 1.4 11 0.7 1 0.0 1 0.0 11 0.3 5 0.2 11 0.3 476 8.7 Coquillettidia arribalzagae (Theobald) Mansoniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 5 0.2 12 0.5 0 0.0 15 0.6 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 5 0.1 27 0.5 Coquillettidia chrysonotum (Peryassu ´) Mansoniini 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 14 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 0 0.0 14 0.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 Coquillettidia hermanoi (Lane and Coutinho) Mansoniini 1 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 49 1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 18 1.1 2 0.1 1 0.0 0 0.0 27 0.9 6 0.2 37 0.7 Coquillettidia juxtamansonia (Chagas) Mansoniini 0 0.0 11 0.4 3 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 40 1.2 155 6.7 20 1.0 14 0.5 1 0.1 8 0.3 6 0.1 1 0.0 187 6.3 5 0.1 38 0.7 Coquillettidia lynchi (Shannon) Mansoniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 15 0.6 0 0.0 9 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 8 0.2 14 0.3 Coquillettidia nigricans

(Coquillett) Mansoniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 14 0.7 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 15 0.3 Coquillettidia venezuelensis (Theobald) Mansoniini 19 0.5 4 0.2 6 0.2 5 0.2 3 0.2 1085 32.3 78 3.4 39 2.0 856 32.4 4 0.2 3 0.1 18 0.3 19 0.4 332 11.2 29 0.8 1713 31.3 Mansonia amazonensis (Theobald) Mansoniini 2 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 4 0.2 1 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 Mansonia flaveola (Coquillett) Mansoniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Mansonia humeralis Dyar and Knab Mansoniini 0 0.0 2 0.1 359 13.9 14 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.1 370 8.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.1 Mansonia indubitans Dyar and Shannon Mansoniini 19 0.5 22 0.9 93 3.6 139 5.8 156 8.6 5 0.2 9 0.4 8 0.4 133 5.0 62 3.7 18 0.7 201 3.2 209 4.7 5 0.2 24 0.7 187 3.4 Mansonia pseudotitillans (Theobald) Mansoniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Mansonia sp . Mansoniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Mansonia titillans (Walker) Mansoniini 14 0.4 7 0.3 105 4.1 51 2.1 7 0.4 42 1.3 6 0.3 572 28.9 68 2.6 1 0.1 66 2.5 26 0.4 92 2.1 155 5.2 530 14.7 3 0.1 Johnbelkinia longipes (Fabricius) Sabethini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Limatus durhami Theobald Sabethini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 1 0.0 3 0.1 Trichoprosopon digitatum (Rondani) Sabethini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.1 Trichoprosopon sp . Sabethini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 4 0.1 Wyeomyia sp . Sabethini 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.1 1 0.0 3 0.1 Uranotaenia apicalis Theobald Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 6 0.3 5 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 0.2 Uranotaenia calosomata Dyar and Knab Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 1 0.1 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 6 0.1 Uranotaenia calosomata (near) Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Uranotaenia davisi Lane Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Uranotaenia geometrica Theobald Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 4 0.1 20 0.9 26 1.3 8 0.3 2 0.1 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.2 9 0.3 45 0.8 Uranotaenia lowii Theobald Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 5 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.1 Uranotaenia nataliae Lynch Arriba ´lzaga Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 Uranotaenia pulcherrima Lynch Arriba ´lzaga Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 5 0.3 6 0.2 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 13 0.2 Uranotaenia sp .

Uranotaeniini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 Total 3996 100 2533 100 2592 100 2380 100 1823 100 3356 100 2330 100 1980 100 2642 100 1691 100 2612 100 6313 100 4410 100 2967 100 3603 100 5479 100 PLAND: forest cover percentage; HLC: human landing catch. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245087.t001 PLOS ONE Anthropogenic landscape and mosquito biodiversity drives malaria vector proliferation PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245087 January 14, 2021 12 / 25