Anthropogenic landscape decreases mosquito biodiversity and drives malaria vector proliferation in the Amazon rainforest

Table 1. (Continued) PLAND (%) Edge density (m / ha) Peridomestic (HLC) Forest fringe (Shannon trap) Peridomestic (HLC) Forest fringe (Shannon trap) � 25 25 ¬ 45 45 ¬ 60 60 ¬ 75 > 75 � 25 25 ¬ 45 45 ¬ 60 60 ¬ 75 > 75 0 ¬ 1.5 1.5 ¬ 2.0 2.0 ¬ 3.5 0 ¬ 1.5 1.5 ¬ 2.0 2.0 ¬ 3.5 Culex (Anoedioporpa ) sp. Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 Culex (Culex ) declarator Dyar and Knab Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.2 1 0.0 8 0.4 26 0.8 127 5.5 31 1.6 28 1.1 2 0.1 6 0.2 4 0.1 5 0.1 53 1.8 64 1.8 99 1.8 Culex (Culex ) Grupo Coronator Culicini 1 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 3 0.2 15 0.5 30 1.3 17 0.9 17 0.6 20 1.2 1 0.0 5 0.1 2 0.1 42 1.4 12 0.3 45 0.8 Culex (Culex ) mollis Dyar and Knab Culicini 1 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.2 2 0.1 9 0.5 1 0.0 252 10.8 8 0.4 7 0.3 36 2.1 7 0.3 4 0.1 6 0.1 72 2.4 214 5.9 17 0.3 Culex (Culex ) nigripalpus Theobald Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 4 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 1 0.0 5 0.1 Culex (Culex ) quinquefasciatus Say Culicini 171 4.3 153 6.0 98 3.8 126 5.3 15 0.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.3 0 0.0 10 0.6 98 3.8 36 0.6 429 9.7 1 0.0 7 0.2 11 0.2 Culex (Culex ) sp. Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.2 24 1.0 212 10.7 34 1.3 5 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 34 1.2 206 5.7 42 0.8 Culex (Melanoconion ) adamesi Sirivanakarn and Galindo Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.4 24 0.9 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 35 0.6 Culex (Melanoconion ) aureonotatus Duret and Barreto Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 5 0.2 0

0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 7 0.1 Culex (Melanoconion ) bastagarius Dyar and Knab Culicini 19 0.5 14 0.6 4 0.2 1 0.0 134 7.4 100 3.0 99 4.3 54 2.7 130 4.9 130 7.7 117 4.5 33 0.5 22 0.5 162 5.5 164 4.6 187 3.4 Culex (Melanoconion ) clarki Evans Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) crybda Dyar Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 0.4 9 0.3 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.1 5 0.1 10 0.2 Culex (Melanoconion ) crybda sp1 Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 64 2.8 1 0.1 29 1.1 11 0.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 0.9 8 0.2 73 1.3 Culex (Melanoconion ) eknomios Forattini and Sallum Culicini 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 3 0.2 1 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 4 0.1 2 0.1 2 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) ensiformis Bonne-Wepster and Bonne Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.1 2 0.1 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.2 0 0.0 4 0.1 Culex (Melanoconion ) gnomatos Sallum, Hutchings, Leila and Ferreira Culicini 4 0.1 27 1.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 43 1.3 90 3.9 6 0.3 94 3.6 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 32 0.7 5 0.2 91 2.5 138 2.5 Culex (Melanoconion ) Grupo Atratus Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 19 0.6 11 0.5 27 1.4 1 0.0 6 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 32 1.1 31 0.9 1 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) Grupo Educator Culicini 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 7 0.2 0 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) Grupo Pilosus Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 1 0.1 5 0.2 3 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 5

0.2 2 0.1 4 0.1 Culex (Melanoconion ) inadmirabilis Dyar Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 24 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 24 0.7 0 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) ocossa Dyar and Knab Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 12 0.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 0.6 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 0.2 3 0.1 1 0.0 12 0.3 0 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) pedroi Sirivanakarn and Belkin Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 0.8 1 0.0 0 0.0 16 0.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 13 0.4 1 0.0 30 0.6 Culex (Melanoconion ) portesi Senevet and Abonnenc Culicini 3 0.1 48 1.9 1 0.0 2 0.1 11 0.6 335 10.0 352 15.1 40 2.0 175 6.6 6 0.4 1 0.0 2 0.0 62 1.4 0 0.0 392 10.9 516 9.4 Culex (Melanoconion ) ribeirensis Forattini and Sallum Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 5 0.1 1 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) sp. Culicini 1 0.0 14 0.6 3 0.1 0 0.0 2 0.1 26 0.8 146 6.3 44 2.2 163 6.2 50 3.0 6 0.2 3 0.1 11 0.3 51 1.7 126 3.5 252 4.6 Culex (Melanoconion ) sp. Sec ¸ão Melanoconion Culicini 5 0.1 10 0.4 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 3 0.2 6 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 14 0.3 2 0.1 3 0.1 6 0.1 Culex (Melanoconion ) spissipes (Theobald) Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 13 0.5 1 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 13 0.2 Culex (Melanoconion ) Sec¸ão Spissipes Culicini 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 Culex (Melanoconion ) theobaldi (Lutz) Culicini 10 0.3 31 1.2 6 0.2 30 1.3 63 3.5 2 0.1 1 0.0 13 0.7 15 0.6 30 1.8 7 0.3 81 1.3 52 1.2 22 0.7 18 0.5 21 0.4

Culex (Melanoconion ) vaxus Dyar Culicini 0 0.0 41 1.6 0 0.0 6 0.3 0 0.0 1 0.0 7 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.1 2 0.1 45 0.7 0 0.0 3 0.1 3 0.1 3 0.1 Culex (Melanoconion ) vomerifer Komp Culicini 0 0.0 6 0.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 0.3 17 0.7 18 0.9 28 1.1 2 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.1 0 0.0 13 0.4 63 1.2 (Continued ) PLOS ONE Anthropogenic landscape and mosquito biodiversity drives malaria vector proliferation PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245087 January 14, 2021 11 / 25