Performance evaluation of industry-education integration in higher education from the perspective of coupling coordination-an empirical study based on Chongqing

education from three dimensions: guarantee conditions, organization and implementation, and cooperation results. Taking Jiangsu Tourism Vocational College as an empirical case, they used the gray clustering evaluation method for performance evaluation [30]. Cheng et al. used the FAHP fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to establish a performance evaluation model and design a performance evaluation index system for school-enterprise cooperation. Supporting the major of finance and commerce in their institution, they evaluated the performance of school-enterprise cooperation [31]. Yang et al. explored the collaborative education mecha- nism between universities and enterprises for applied undergraduate education from the per- spective of the integration of production and education, and proposed measures to deepen the integration of production and education and strengthen cooperation between universities and enterprises [32]. These studies have broadened the academic viewpoint on performance evaluation, facilitat- ing the industry-education integration. They offer valuable insights for refining and enhancing the evaluation system of higher education. Nevertheless, the majority of the focus has been on case studies within higher education institutions, with inadequate emphasis on comprehensive systematic research. While considerable attention has been given to assessing the supply side of higher education, lacking of focus on the demands stemming from industrial development. Furthermore, the emphasis has predominantly been on evaluating the final outcomes, neglect-

ing the significance of resource input levels. The integration of industry and education is a systematic project, not equal to a simple mix- ture or quantitative addition between industry and education, but the integration development trend of the elements between the industrial subsystem and the educational subsystem, which is from disorder to order, from chaos to consistency. The key to achieve results lies in whether they can complement each other, achieve coordinated development and produce a synergistic effect. The performance evaluation of the industry-education integration should not only con- sider the supply side of education, but also take into account the demand side of industry; it should not only focus on the output results, but also take into account the input levels. In view of this, the paper establishes the analysis framework of the industry education composite sys- tem based on the synergy theory, builds an industry-education integration performance evalu- ation model which could take into account the factors on both sides of the supply and demand, uses the "structure-conduct-performance" (S-C-P) analysis paradigm to establish the performance evaluation index system, reflecting the internal logic of the industry-education integration, and taking into account the comparison of input level and output effect. Taking production-education integration of higher education in Chongqing as an example, this paper makes an empirical study on performance evaluation, and puts forward systematic improve-

ment strategies from the perspective of collaborative development, which is a positive exploration. 2. Research methods and indicator system 2.1 Model setting Synergistics theory posits that an open, nonlinear, and far-from-equilibrium system, when the external control variables reach a certain threshold, can evolve into a new ordered structure through a sudden change triggered by random fluctuations [33]. The complex interactions within a composite system may produce synergistic effects, leading to a virtuous cycle and pro- moting the development of the composite system towards orderliness, or they may have nega- tive effects, causing the system to develop towards disorder [34]. When the synergistic effects are well-utilized, the degree of orderliness is high, and vice versa. PLOS ONE Performance evaluation of industry-education integration in higher education based on coupling coordination PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0308572 September 18, 2024 5 / 22