Safety climate in the Ghanaian printing industry

Table 2 shows the statistical analysis of the estimated sample size required to make the assumptions or hypotheses specified for the study. The mean for the null hypothesis (m0) is 2.5 and the mean for the alternative hypothesis (ma) is 3.0. The required estimated sample size is seventy-eight (78) and the change in value or delta is 0.7143 (that is the difference between the two means (m0) and (ma) /sd). This implies that in this study, approximately 0.7 or 70% of the variables accounted for the health and safety climate in selected printing firms in Ghana, leaving little difference unexplained. Findings and discussions Demographic analysis Descriptive statistics were used to examine the demographic data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 18.0. The demographic factors include age, gender, education level, employment status and experience in the industry. The results are summarised in the tables below. Male employees formed a majority (82.6%) of the survey sam- ple, indicating that the printing industry is a male-dominated one. As shown in Table 3 below, the age range of participants was between 18 and 60 years, with 49.4% of the participants between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The average age of the participants was 33, with a standard deviation of 9.45 (n = 172), showing a sizeable difference in age and pointing to the universal- ity of the research conclusions. The respondents’ educational attainment concentrated between Senior High School (36%) and Bachelor/Diploma (31.9%). Respondents who had

worked between 1 to 10 years accounted for more than half (68%) of the total participants in the study, with a few (16.3%) working for less than one year, and 15.1% for over 11 years. Safety climate perceptions of workers in the Ghanaian printing industry Safety climate in the printing industry. This study investigated the perceptions of print- production employees regarding safety climate on a 7-dimensional scale that covered: Safety Table 2. Estimated sample size. Estimated Sample Size alpha = 0.05 power = 1 delta = 0.7143 m0 = 2.5 ma = 3 sd = 0.7 Estimated sample size: N = 78 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278100.t002 Table 1. Estimated power for a one-sample mean test t-test. Estimated power for one sample mean test t-test alpha = 0.05 N = 172 delta = 0.7143 m0 = 2.5 ma = 3.0 sd = 0.7 Estimated power: power = 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278100.t001 PLOS ONE Safety climate in the printing industry PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278100 November 28, 2022 6 / 15