Inequality of opportunity in selection procedures limits diversity in higher education: An intersectional study of Dutch selective higher education programs

Table 3. Intersectional analysis of the inequality of opportunity in Dutch higher education selection procedures: Comparison between group ALL* and group NONE**. Background characteristics associated with significantly higher odds of admission in each multivariable logistic regression model Cluster Sex Age, based on Y. O.B. Migration background Urbanity degree of postal code in 2015 Income category Assets category Parents on social welfare Parents with SSI HP parents Parents working in PSVE sector Acceptance rate of group ALL* Acceptance rate of group NONE ** Ratio accept. rate ALL/ NONE p- value of the ratioa Total dataset M 2000 or later None 71–100 41–100 None 1 or 2 69.7% (975/ 1398) 34.9% (290/ 832) 2,00 < 0.001 SH1_ 2019 F 1999 or earlier None AWNU 1–90 1 or 2 1 or 2 >97% (data hidden) b 11.1% (data hidden) b 8.74– 9.01 c c SH1_ 2020 F 2001 or earlier None AWNU 71–90 1 or 2 80% (20/25) 15.4% (data hidden) b 5,19 < 0.001 SH2_ 2019 None Averagely 81–100 1 or 2 >97% (data hidden) b 25% (158/ 632) 3.88– 4.00 c c SH2_ 2020 None 41–100 1 or 2 64.8% (46/ 71) 25% (126/ 503) 2,59 < 0.001 SH3_ 2019 AWNU 78.3% (517/ 660) 64.8% (327/ 505) 1,21 < 0.001 SH3_ 2020 TMSDI AWNU 64.3% (9/14) 57.2% (218/ 381) 1,12 0.599 SH4_ 2019 F VSU 71–100 89.8% (317/ 353) 69.7% (83/ 119) 1,29 < 0.001 SH4_ 2020 F 1999 or earlier VSAU 1 or 2 88.2% (30/ 34) 72.1% (320/ 444) 1,22 0.040 SH5_ 2019 F 41–100 79.7% (441/ 553) 49.5% (45/ 91) 1,61 < 0.001 SH5_ 2020 F 2000– 2001 None VSU 82.9% (87/ 105) 50% (12/24) 1,66 < 0.001 SH6_ 2019 M 2002 or later

None 41–100 1 or 2 60% (3/5) 40.1% (139/ 347) 1,50 0.367 SH6_ 2020 M None 81–100 64.7% (88/ 136) 42.4% (300/ 708) 1,53 < 0.001 SU1_ 2019 F 2002 or later None or Other MB 60% (54/90) 31.6% (78/ 247) 1,90 < 0.001 SU1_ 2020 41–100 44.7% (2344/ 5248) 34.3% (390/ 1136) 1,30 < 0.001 SU2_ 2019 2000– 2001 45.2% (484/ 1070 35.6% (233/ 655) 1,27 0.010 SU2_ 2020 2002 or later VSU 42.9% (109/ 254) 31.3% (142/ 454) 1,37 0.002 SU3_ 2019 None 71–90 89.8% (727/ 810) 81.8% (361/ 445) 1,10 < 0.001 SU3_ 2020 None 1 or 2 78.8% (688/ 873) 74.4% (2886/ 3877) 1,06 0.007 SU4_ 2019 2002 or later None 1–70 41–100 85.7% (6/7) 38.9% (14/ 36) 2,20 0.023 (Continued) PLOS ONE Inequality of opportunity in Dutch selection procedures limits diversity in higher education PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292805 October 13, 2023 13 / 24