Trends in vegetation productivity related to climate change in China’s Pearl River Delta

Methodology: Sawaid Abbas. Resources: Man Sing Wong. Writing – original draft: Sawaid Abbas, Janet E. Nichol. Writing – review & editing: Janet E. Nichol, Man Sing Wong. References 1. IPCC. IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Core Writing Team RKP and LAM (eds.)., editor. Geneva, Switzerland; 2014. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/ uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf. 2. Tao F, Zhang Z, Yokozawa M. Dangerous levels of climate change for agricultural production in China. Reg Environ Chang. 2011; 11: 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-010-0159-8 3. Corlett RT. Impacts of warming on tropical lowland rainforests. Trends Ecol Evol. 2011; 26: 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.06.015 PMID: 21803440 4. Fu Y, He H, Zhao J, Larsen D, Zhang H, Sunde M, et al. Climate and Spring Phenology Effects on Autumn Phenology in the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China. Remote Sens. 2018; 10: 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030449 5. Eklundh L. Estimating relations between AVHRR NDVI and rainfall in East Africa at 10-day and monthly time scales. Int J Remote Sens. 1998; 19: 563–570. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311698216198 6. de Jong R, Verbesselt J, Zeileis A, Schaepman M. Shifts in Global Vegetation Activity Trends. Remote Sens. 2013; 5: 1117–1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs5031117 7. Brown ME, de Beurs KM, Marshall M. Global phenological response to climate change in crop areas

using satellite remote sensing of vegetation, humidity and temperature over 26years. Remote Sens Environ. 2012; 126: 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.08.009 8. Tucker CJ, Sellers PJ. Satellite remote sensing of primary production. Int J Remote Sens. 1986; 7: 1395–1416. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168608948944 9. Martı´nez B, Gilabert MA. Vegetation dynamics from NDVI time series analysis using the wavelet trans- form. Remote Sens Environ. 2009; 113: 1823–1842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.04.016 10. Bradley B a., Jacob RW, Hermance JF, Mustard JF. A curve fitting procedure to derive inter-annual phe- nologies from time series of noisy satellite NDVI data. Remote Sens Environ. 2007; 106: 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.08.002 11. Jeong S-J, Ho C-H, Gim H-J, Brown ME. Phenology shifts at start vs. end of growing season in temper- ate vegetation over the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1982–2008. Glob Chang Biol. 2011; 17: 2385–2399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02397.x 12. Abbas S, Nichol JE, Fischer GA. Mapping and assessment of impacts of cold and frost on secondary forest in the marginally tropical landscape of Hong Kong. Agric For Meteorol. 2017; 232: 543–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.10.008 13. Ge J, Xiong G, Wang Z, Zhang M, Zhao C, Shen G, et al. Altered dynamics of broad-leaved tree species in a Chinese subtropical montane mixed forest: The role of an anomalous extreme 2008 ice storm epi- sode. Ecol Evol. 2015; 5: 1484–1493. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1433 PMID: 25897387

14. Hansen J, Ruedy R, Sato M, Lo K. Global surface temperature change. Rev Geophys. 2010; 48: RG4004. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RG000345 15. Estrada F, Botzen WJW, Tol RSJ. A global economic assessment of city policies to reduce climate change impacts. Nat Clim Chang. 2017; 7: 403–406. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3301 16. Qin D, Ding Y, Mu M. Climate and Environmental Change in China: 1951–2012. Qin D, Ding Y, Mu M, editors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662- 48482-1 17. Xue L, Gu R, Wang T, Wang X, Saunders S, Blake D, et al. Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode. Atmos Chem Phys. 2016; 16: 9891–9903. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9891-2016 18. Nichol JE, Choi SY, Wong MS, Abbas S. Temperature change and urbanisation in a multi-nucleated megacity: China’s Pearl River Delta. Urban Clim. 2020; 31: 100592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim. 2020.100592 PLOS ONE Climate and vegetation trends in the Pearl River Delta PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245467 February 24, 2021 17 / 20