Factors influencing farming households’ climate change adaptation strategies in Central Vietnam

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328058 July 10, 2025 6 / 22 πj = exp(∑K k=1 βjkxk) 1 + ∑J–1 j=1 βjkxk with j = 1, 2, . . . . J – 1 (1) In models with dependent variables of more than two types, it is necessary to identify a base type for comparison or analy- sis. The base category (J) can be chosen as 0 for the dependent variable and consisting of categories 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The model was linearized by taking the natural logarithm of these odds ratios to obtain logistic models. If J is chosen as the base type, then the probability of the dependent variable being in the base type is determined as given in the equation below. πj = P(Y = J) = 1 1 + ∑J–1 j=1 exp[(∑K K=1 βjkxk)] with j = 1, 2, . . . . J – 1 (2) The overall relationship between an individual independent variable and the dependent variables were tested by testing the coefficient – 2likelihood based on summing the probabilities associated with the predicted and actual outcomes. –2LogLikelihood = ∑N n=i ([Yi lnP (Yi)) + (1 – Y i) (3) Fig 1. Proposed study model of impact factors. Source: Study design (2024). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328058.g001