Spatial priorities for freshwater biodiversity conservation in light of catchment protection and connectivity in Europe

48. R Core Team 2019. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available from: http://www.R-project.org. 49. ESRI. ArcGIS 10.0, 2010. Available from: https://support.esri.com/en/products/desktop/arcgis-desktop/ arcmap/10. 50. INSPIRE. D2.8.1.1., 2009. INSPIRE Data Specification of Coordinate Reference Systems–Technical Guidelines (accessed 22 April 2020). Available from: https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/rs 51. Allan JD. Landscapes and riverscapes: The influence of land use on stream ecosystems. Annu. Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2004; 35: 257–284. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.120202.110122. 52. Stewart RR, Possingham HP. Efficiency, costs and trade-offs in marine reserve system design. Envi- ronmental Modelling and Assessment 2005; 10: 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-005-9001-y 53. Briers RA. Incorporating connectivity into reserve selection procedures. Biol Cons. 2005; 103: 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00123-9. 54. Rothley KD, Rae C. Working backwards to move forwards: Graph-based connectivity metrics for reserve network selection. Environ Model Assess 2005; 10: 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666- 005-4697-2. 55. Zupan L, Cabeza M, Maiorani L, Roquet C, Devictor V, Lavergne S, et al. Spatial mismatch of phyloge- netic diversity across three vertebrate groups and protected areas in Europe. Divers Distrib. 2014; 30 (6): 674–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12186 PMID: 24791146

56. Hewitt GM. Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota. Biol J Linn Soc. 1999; 68: 87–112. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01160.x. 57. Pattern Griffiths D. and process in the ecological biogeography of European freshwater fish. J Anim Ecol. 2006; 75: 734–751. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01094.x PMID: 16689956 58. Reyjol Y, Hugueny B, Pont D, Bianco PG, Beier U, Caiola N, et al. Patterns in species richness and endemism of European freshwater fish. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2007; 16: 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1466-8238.2006.00264.x. 59. Ba´ lint M, Ma´ lna´ s K, Nowak C, Geismer J, Va´ncsa E´ , Polya´k L, et al. Species history masks the effects of human-induced range loss—unexpected genetic diversity in the endangered giant mayfly Palingenia longicauda. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e31872 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031872 PMID: 22412844 60. Oikonomou A, Leprieur F, Leonardos ID. Biogeography of freshwater fishes of the Balkan Peninsula. Hydrobiologia 2014; 738: 205–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1930-5. 61. Brum FT, Graham CH, Costa GC, Blair Hedges S, Penone C, Radeloff VC, et al. Global priorities for conservation across multiple dimensions of mammalian diversity. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 2017; 114: 7641–7646. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706461114 PMID: 28674013 62. Cunningham CA, Crick HQP, Morecroft MD, Thomas CD, Beale CM. Translating area-based conserva- tion pledges into efficient biodiversity protection outcomes. Communications Biology 2021; 4: 1043. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02590-4 PMID: 34493796

PLOS ONE Spatial priorities for freshwater biodiversity in Europe PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267801 May 17, 2022 15 / 15